is that the real reason companies are doing it? They could be doing it to get work tasks done for free.
I’d say for companies I worked for in the past it was not about free/cheap labor or about helping kids out. It was a method of both recruiting and evaluation of talent.
We also paid interns, and for the most part I’d say even if they were unpaid hosting interns was a net cost to the company from a pure operational standpoint. Not because the interns were not good (they overwhelmingly were good), but if you are going to put them to work on something of enough value for both the company and intern to evaluate employment after graduation, you are probably going to invest more in training and mentorship than you get out of it. Most reasonable companies know you probably don’t get a return on investment from an employee for a year or more.
But yes, I’m sure there are companies that use interns for cheapor free labor, which probably means doing crap, low skill tasks, and I suspect neither party really gets much out of it. Companies that do that are really dumb. To bring somebody on, onboard them and train them only to have them for 2-3 months over the summer is pretty much guaranteed to be a money losing operation no matter what.
If a company brings you on as a summer intern, paid or not, approach it as a long interview. I would only intern at a company I had interest in working post-graduation.
I would prefer that unpaid internships are not legal once they are of a certain length (say 2 months or more). Otherwise it’s really putting poor kids at a disadvantage if you have to disregard unpaid internships at top companies.