I guess it depends on how you define "caught a break." I've always thought of that phrase as implying that a person was somehow lucky.
I don't think luck determines your age. Instead, I think your age is determined by your date of birth and that is true for every person.
he didn't catch a break because of his age. He caught a break because the prosecutors and/or the judge were on board with him being moved to juvenile court. Now, his history probably helped in that he probably had never been in court but a lot of times minority kids don't get even that break in the criminal justice system.